Articles and Stories

February 26, 2025

Language is more than just a tool for communication—it’s a link to culture, identity, and memory. But what happens when that connection starts to fade? Many bilinguals and long-term migrants find themselves grasping for familiar words, stumbling over once-effortless phrases, or even feeling like their mother tongue is slipping away entirely. This phenomenon, known as language attrition, is not simply a result of time spent away from home. It’s a complex process shaped by brain function, social habits, and even emotional experiences.

Why Do People Lose Their First Language?

It’s easy to assume that the longer someone lives abroad, the more their native language deteriorates. But research suggests that time alone isn’t the biggest factor. Linguist Monika Schmid, an expert in language attrition, explains that when someone learns a second language, their brain suppresses the first to make room for the new one. This constant mental juggling can make it harder to recall words in the original language, even if it was once second nature.

Surprisingly, surrounding yourself with native speakers doesn’t always help. Many bilinguals who regularly interact with fellow expats still experience language shifts. Over time, they may develop a hybrid version of their mother tongue, unconsciously mixing words, grammar, and pronunciation from both languages. This is especially common in multicultural cities, where blending languages becomes second nature.

The Unexpected Role of Emotion

Emotional experiences can also play a major role in language loss. Schmid’s research on German-Jewish refugees found that those who had suffered the most trauma often suppressed their native German entirely. The language, once tied to family and childhood, had become a painful reminder of the past. Instead, they fully embraced their new language, distancing themselves from the one that held difficult memories.

This suggests that language is more than just words—it’s tied to personal experience. When a language carries emotional weight, the brain may unconsciously push it aside in favor of one that feels safer or more comfortable.

Why Professional Translation Matters

While most people never fully forget their native language, many find that fluency fades, particularly in professional or technical settings. Legal, business, and academic terminology can become unfamiliar over time, making accurate translation essential for clear communication.

At World Translation Center, we specialize in professional translation services to ensure that nothing gets lost in translation. Whether you need legal documents, business contracts, or industry-specific materials translated with precision, our expert linguists are here to help. Contact us today to ensure your message is clear, no matter the language.